Portland Cement: An Overview as a Root Repair Material: Applications and Various Modifications

Background: Portland cement has promisingly been utilized for the reconstruction of root perforation and bone defects, although its key drawbacks, including low mechanical properties radiopacity as well long setting time, necessitate pragmatic modifications. Objective: The main objective this review was an overview portland a repair material, applications various Methods: electronic search literature done on Pubmed Google Scholar databases with keywords cement, carbon nanotube, graphene oxide, MTA, pulp capping, material. Results: first part paper presents data published in endodontic situations, vital therapy, repair, canal filling root-end following apical surgery. This bioactive shown promising success rates compared to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), however, considerable modifications are required order improve clinical performance expand application scope Hence, nano-reinforcements (graphene silica hydroxyapatite) extensive chemical incorporated into composition produce innovative bio-dental materials superior rheological have discussed. Moreover, current knowledge microstructure, durability nanomaterial-incorporated summarized. Ultimately, article outlines points animal studies resin-modified (TheraCal) capping material suggests further investigations prior marketing authorization. Conclusion: It can be concluded that potential used acceptable least complaints term.